Ma la furi karaa albaabka diyaaradda iyadoo hawada sare ku jirta? Maxaase dhici kara?

Waxay ahayd 10 kii June 2019 markii diyaarad ay leedahay Pakistan International Airline (PIA) flight Number PK-702 oo Manchester Airport ugu diyaar-garoobeysay safar Islamabad ah, iyadoo aan weli kicin ay gabadh rakaabka ka mid ahayd iyadoo si degdeg ah ugu baahatay inay musqusha gasho ku qaldantay albaabkii dibedda, taasoo sababtay in diyaaraddu ka baaqato safarkii maadaama ay dhacday xaaladda degdegga ah ee (Emergency Evacuation). Waxaa soo baxay buufimooyinka dadku diyaaradda kaga soo dhaadhacaan ee loo yaqaanno “Emergency Chutes”.

Ma aha markii ugu horreysay ee ay dhacdo isku day furitaan albaabka diyaaradda si qalad ama ku talagalba.

Hadaba, markaan u soo noqdo su’aashii ahayd “Ma la furi karaa albaabka diyaradda iyadoo hawada sare ku jirta”?.

Jawaabtu waa maya, aan ku celiyo MAYA!. lama furi karo albaabka diyaaradda marka ay duulimaadka ku jirto. Si aan u fahamno sababta aan loo furi karin waa inaynu marka hore fahamnaa waxa loo yaqaan cufka iyo cadaadiska hawada (Air pressure and density of air) iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay albaabka diyaaradda.

Marka diyaaraddu dhulka ka kacayso pressure-ka hawadu ee dhulka waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 1013.25 millibars oo u dhiganta 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch) qiyaasta International Standard Atmosphere , waa qiyaasta ugu hoosaysa dhulka oo noqonaysa heerka badda. Diyaaraddu marka dhulka ka kacdo ee ay ku jirto derejada fanashada (Climb) ee xawaare ahaan jarayso 2000 oo feet 1 kii daqiiqo waxaa hoos loo dhigaa pressure-ka 500ft 1 halkii daqiiqo-ba. Marka hadaba ay diyaaraddu kor u sii baxdoba waxaa kala taga cufka molecules-ka oo u kala dhaqaaqa jihooyin kala duwan.

Diyaaraddu marka ay gaadho 18,000 feet pressure-ka hawada ee diyaadda dibedeedu wuxuu noqonayaa 7.3 psi taasoo u dhiganta nus qiyaastii dhulka ee ay ka soo kacday ama sea level. Heerkan ma jirto oxygen ku filan qofka inuu ku noolaado, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu qofku noolaan karaan muddo u dhaxaysa 20-30 daqiiqo oo keliya.

Markay diyaaraddu gaadho altitude sare oo u dhaxeeya 30,000ft ilaa 43,000ft waxa derajada pressure-ka ee hawada sare ay noqonaysaa 4 psi, xaaladdan waxaa adag helitaanka oxygen-ta qofkuna wuxuu ku noolaan karaa 1 daqiiqo oo kaliya.

Si hadaba loo miisaamo dhicitaanka pressure hawada dadka diyaaradda saaranina u helaan hawo ay ku neefsadaan iyagoo aan dareeminna ay hawada sare ugu socdaali lahaayeen, waxa diyaaradda gudaheeda lagu furaa hawada loo yaqaan oxygen, habkan oo loo yaqaan Cabin Pressurisation. Marka la isticmaalayo in pressure-ka diyaaradda la bedelo waxaa loo bedelaa iyadoo laga qiyas qaadanayo pressure-ka dibedda, sababtoo ah haddii hal mar la bedelo pressure-ka diyaaradda dhexdeeda waxay sababi kartaa in isbeddelku dadka saran ku keeno in qaybta maqalku (dhegaha) ay qarxaan. Si looga hor tago dhibkaas ayaa waxaa loo bedelaa qiyas ku xidhan altitude-ka iyo derejada pressure-ka ee diyaaradda dibedeeda. Marka diyaaraddu gaadho dariiqa duulimaadkeeda loo yaqaan cruise level waxaa pressure-ka diyaaradda lagu deynayaa 11.2 psi oo aanu iska bedelaynin ilaa ay diyaaraddu ka gaadheyso inay degto.

Haddii aynu ku saleyno tusaalaheenna physics ahaan, marka ay diyaaradd gudaheeda uu pressure-ku yahay 11.2 psi dhanka kalena diyaaradda dibedeedu yahay 4 psi waxaynu ognahay in cadaadiska hawadu ama pressure uu aad u kala duwan yahay taasi ay keento in hadaadiska sare ama high pressure-ku uu u baxsado halka uu pressure-ku yar yahay ilaa ay isu dheeeli tirmaan (sida marka quraarac ama dhalo coca cola ah aad ruxdo dabadeedna furto oo kale). Markaa haddii diyaaradda albaabkeeda la furi kari lahaa waxaa dhici lahay in pressure-ku uu u baxsado dhinaca atmosphere-ka ee diyaaradda dibeddeeda kaasoo weliba kaxeysanaya wax kasta oo gudaheeda ku jira sida rakaabka iyo alaabta gudaha diyaadda taalla ama ku samaysan sida kuraasta, ka dibna diyaaraddu ay u kala go’do qay qayb hawada sare.

Waxaynu hore u bixinay jawaab ah “Ma dhici karto in diyaarad albaabkeeda lagu furi karo hawada sare iyadoo duulaysa. Sababta aynu ku salaynay ayaa ahayd pressure-ka hawada ee diyaaradda lagu furo oo cadaadis ku keena gudaha diyaaradda gidaaradeeda gudaha oo uu albaabku ku jiro ayaa waxa riixaya pressure kaasoo lagu qiyaasay 8 psi (Eight pounds per square inch) ama 1100 pounds oo pressure per square feet. Maadaama uu albaabka diyaaradaha rakaabku (Passenger aircraft) celcelis ahaan yihiin 6ft dherer (height) iyo 3.5ft ballac (wide), waxay ka dhigmaysaa in pressure-ka albaabka cadaadinaya uu dhan yahay 24,000 pounds (10,886 kgs) oo an pressure ah ( waa miisaanka 6 baabuur oo Grande ah). Midda kale dhamaan diyaaradaha albaabkoodu wuxuu markahore usoo furmaa gudaha, ka dibna dibedda loo riixaa, mar saddexaadna dhinac ama kor loo duwaa. Waxa kale oo Iyana xusin mudan in diyaaradda albaabkeeda loo xidho hab manual ah oo ay air hostess-ku xidhaan iyagoo gacanta ku xidhaya, ka dibna war geliya pilot si uu ugu xidho si electronic ah (Armed).

Sidaa daraadeed anigoo jawaabtii hore dib ugu noqonaya haddii uu jiro qof awood u leh inuu soo jiido 10 tons oo culeys ah markaa jawaabtu waxay noqonaysaa HAA, laakiin wax weli adduunka ka dhacday maaha in diyaarad albaabkeeda lagu furay iyadoo hawada sare duulaysa. Xitaa haddii ay diyaaraddu ku duulayso low altitude oo uu pressure-ku yahay 2 psi qofka adduunka ugu xoog badani ma awoodi karo inuu furi karo.

 

 

Ahmed Musa

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